Boilers for heating a private house: classification, selection criteria

Boilers for heating a private house

The need for a heating system is faced by every owner of a private house. It is important that the house is warm and, preferably, without big shocks for the family budget. The correct choice of the boiler mainly determines the efficiency of the entire heating system. It is difficult for an average man to navigate in the variety of offers on the heating system market. What does a simple buyer see? – Heating boilers for a house of different price categories, different in power, in the type of fuel used, in the method of fasteners and in cost-effectiveness. You can easily get confused. Which home boiler is better? – Definitely difficult to answer, it all depends on the conditions of use. To make the choice of the boiler conscious and balanced, we consider various heating boilers for a private house more details.

Content

• Calculation of the power of the boiler
• Classification by type of fuel consumed

• Economical Gas Boilers
• Units for solid fuel
• Practical electrical equipment
• Universal liquid fuel boilers

Calculation of the power of the boiler

As we noted above, boilers for private house heating different in power. Calculation of the thermal power of the future boiler is made taking into account the volume of the heated room, the nature of the insulation of the house and the climatic conditions of the winter period. If it is planned to use the boiler to heat water or floors, it is also important to consider the additional load in the calculations. Calculation of power is best entrusted to a heating engineer. As an approximate calculation, the following recommendations can be given: for every 10 m? the area of ​​the room will require 1 kW of boiler power, 15 to 20% should be added to the result to compensate for possible heat loss.

The choice of boiler depends on the conditions of use. If the house is gasified, then it is more profitable to use a gas boiler. In the absence of gasification, it is possible to install boilers running on liquid or solid fuel, another possible option is an electric boiler.

Classification by type of fuel consumed

• gas;
• solid fuel;
• electric;
• liquid fuel boilers;
• combined boilers.

Consider each view in more detail..

Economical gas boilers

Gas boilers for a private house they work on liquefied or natural gas. Modern gas boilers for the home are fully automated, their work requires electricity. Gas boilers are floor, wall, single and dual circuit. Floor boilers are preferably installed in separate rooms specially equipped with chimneys and ventilation ducts. For efficient operation of the heating system with a floor boiler, it is necessary water pump.

Wall-mounted boilers have a built-in water pump, the combustion chamber of these boilers can be open or closed. In boilers with an open combustion chamber, air enters the chamber from the room, and the combustion products are discharged by natural draft through a chimney. In boilers with a closed-type combustion chamber, air supply and exhaust are forced by an electric fan. Air intake is carried out from the street. The disadvantage of gas boilers with an open combustion chamber is that when the draft is insufficient, the boiler will not work. If the automation is faulty, there is a high probability of carbon monoxide penetration into the room. Using a gas boiler for a private house is cost-effective. When compared with boilers operating on solid and liquid fuels, this type of boilers requires less attention from the user. Compared to electric, gas boilers are much more profitable at the price of fuel.

In addition to heating the room, a gas boiler can also perform the function of heating water for hot water supply. Such boilers are called double-circuit. Single-circuit boilers can only be used for heating a house.

Units for solid fuel

Fuel for solid fuel boilers variously: firewood, coal, briquettes, etc. There are simple and pyrolysis solid fuel boilers. The main disadvantage of simple boilers is the low efficiency and the need for frequent fueling (every 3-4 hours). But solid fuel simple boilers are not dependent on electricity, which can be an advantage in certain conditions (when electricity is not available).

Pyrolysis Boilers on the contrary, they are very economical: fuel filling is carried out only 1-2 times a day. The principle of operation of the pyrolysis boiler is based on the combustion of gases generated during the dry distillation of fuel. The boiler needs electricity. The combustion process is controlled by automation. Fuel can be supplied to the pyrolysis boiler mechanically; for this, special granules (pellets) are used. The disadvantage of using a pellet boiler is the high cost of pellets.

Practical electrical equipment

The easiest way to install electric boilers for home heating. They do not require ventilation ducts and chimneys. Electric boilers are compact, they are easily installed on the wall, in addition, they are silent, environmentally friendly and safe. The disadvantage of installing an electric boiler is the need for wiring capable of withstanding a large load. In which case you should not use an electric boiler for heating a house? – If power outages are not uncommon in your area. Despite the relatively low cost of electric boilers, do not forget about the rather high cost of electricity. However, you can always save money: installing special automation will allow you to choose an economical mode of energy consumption.

An electric boiler can be a worthy replacement for a gas one: such a boiler is simple to install and operate, compact and environmentally friendly. It can be installed in any room. But for heating an area of ​​more than 50 m? special wiring is required that can withstand significant loads. And the cost of electricity is slightly higher than the cost of gas.

Universal liquid fuel boilers

As a rule, diesel fuel is used to operate liquid fuel boilers. It is not safe to store fuel near the house, and the cost of diesel fuel is quite high, so this option cannot be called preferred. Unless gas and solid fuel are not available. However, there is a clear advantage – the ease of switching to a different type of fuel: if you just replace the burner, the liquid fuel boiler will work like a gas one. Such boilers are called “universal”.

It is beneficial to use universal boilers for heating an apartment building if gasification of the site is expected soon. To install a heating boiler consuming liquid fuel, a separate room with exhaust ventilation will be required. Be sure to observe the temperature regime. Oil boilers are sensitive to changes in fuel composition. Without a special filter for cleaning fuel, fuel nozzles clog quickly.

A universal boiler for heating houses does not depend on external energy sources (such as electricity or natural gas), therefore it can be installed with the aim of creating backup heating in case of power outages or low gas pressure in the main.

Whatever type of boiler you choose, you must remember that the installation of the boiler in a private house must be done only by qualified specialists. It is important to consider all technical safety standards..